Recently a dream came true for me. I had the opportunity to participate in a guided tour through the waste incineration plant in Cologne. That may seem strange. Sometimes I catch myself when I get stuck on documentary programs about recycling methods in the (rare) zapping through the TV channels. Obviously this topic fascinates me.

The BVMW (Federal Association of Medium-Sized Enterprises) invited to a lecture on the topic of generation Y. Host and the venue was the waste recycling company in Cologne, AVG, which offered additionally a guided tour through their waste incinerator. Since I am also very interested in the topic Generation Y, I could kill two birds with one stone.
In a small group, we were led by the spokesman of the AVG through the various sections of the waste incineration plant and the procedures were explained in detail. Initially skeptical, because in previous years there was so much negative about this facility (excessive construction costs, lack of capacity), the mood among the participants changed gradually into fascination.

To clarify: It’s just about waste. Not about recycle materials such as paper, plastics, recycled glass or compostable organic waste.

Precision and cleanliness

What I noticed during the tour: In the plant, each step is carefully considered, it is worked with great precision. And even if that sounds paradoxical: it is squeaky clean! Only in the hall where different wastes are mixed on conveyor belts, there is the typical smell of rubbish, but also not as bad as originally expected.

Amazing for me: I did not know that by using residual waste a really large amount of power is generated. And reassuring for me: resources are won even from the last drop: metal, material for road construction, plaster in good quality. The proportion of what is factually left and actually not recycled, seems negligible to low.

From waste to electricity – the process in detail

The residual waste incinerator in Cologne was put into operation in 1998 and is one of the most modern and best facilities in the world. It processes what has landed in the residual waste after the separate collection of private households, as well as the remains of sorting from mixed building and industrial waste.

Much of the waste is shipped by rail. The railway containers are loaded in two waste transfer stations in the city of Cologne and together have a capacity of approximately 250,000 tons per year. The remaining waste is brought by truck.
A special feature of the Cologne residual waste incinerator is the integrated treatment of the waste in a treatment room. Residues from sorting and residues from the domestic and bulky waste are first distributed to the daily waste bunker on separate chambers. The bulky waste is pre-sorted and crushed. Only the non-recoverable components are processed in the incinerator.

The household waste is sorted in a perforated drum to size and then passes on large conveyor belts so-called magnetic seperators. They remove ferrous scrap. A second ferrous metal deposition as well as an automatic non-ferrous deposition take place after combustion.

Even commercial waste residuals are delivered to the Cologne plant. They have been processed previously in external sorting, so they can be added directly to the domestic and bulky waste. The various waste streams are mixed thoroughly, because this homogenization ensures a high quality, a uniform as possible burnout and a good quality ash.
From the huge hall of the conveyor belts the waste enters the so-called residual waste bunker. Here it is stored a while until enough moisture has dissipated, so that it can burn well. By means of permanent temperature and humidity indicators it is controlled, in what condition the waste is. With large gripping cranes the waste is rearranged and finally placed in the kiln. The garbage gripper fill four huge funnels. The waste comes from here in four independently powered boilers that operate around the clock. The waste moves on roller grates through the boiler. And there it burns. At an unimaginable heat of 1,000 to 1,500 degrees Celsius. The respective “new” waste ignites from the already burning garbage. So no additional external energy is required for the combustion process. The combustion takes place after the DC principle: The burning of waste and the waste gases move in the same direction through the “hot flame” at the end of the grate. This procedure ensures that the destruction of pollutants such as dioxins and furans are already done in the combustion chamber.

From waste is made power for 250,000 people

And here is the highlight. The heat produced during combustion is used. On the one hand, to heat the nearby Ford plant. But this is just a nice side effect. The majority of the heat is converted into electricity by generators. And even that much that the power consumption of 250,000 people can be met. The waste incineration plant Cologne is thus basically a power plant and supplies a quarter of the city of Cologne with electricity. That sounds awesome. And since you could get the idea that it is not so bad when so much garbage is produced – as it is used so well …

After combustion bottom ash, hot exhaust gas and residues remain. These substances are largely used again useful: The ash is cooled with water and stored in an ash bunker before it is processed in a bottom ash treatment plant and then utilized in road, landfill and landscaping.
The hot exhaust gas is used for power generation. It heats preheated water to steam, which meets at a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 40 bar to a turbine. This drives the downstream generator with which is produced electric power. For own use only a small part of the energy is needed. The greater part is given in external power supply networks. The amount of energy generated in the incinerator is enough to power more than 100,000 households.

In the combustion and the subsequent exhaust gas purification residual substances such as dust and salts remain as well as ashes from the boiler. These materials are collected and used as backfill material for the backfilling of salt mine tunnels. Gypsum is also a waste material, which is obtained as a reaction product in the exhaust gas purification and has building material quality.

Emission control: the exhaust gases are almost completely neutralized by the method used at the Cologne incinerator. There is no waste water, as well as the legal requirements are clearly undercut. As a neutral auditor, the county government gets the actual exhaust gas readings permanently by direct line.

Rethinking at waste management companies

After the guided tour, I had the opportunity to talk to the press officer of AVG. In this conversation it became clear how much the thinking has changed in the field of waste management in recent decades and years. While during the 1960s to the 1990s garbage was piled up completely unsorted in landfills and then forgotten, in the new millennium they have recognized the value of the waste. Climate change and CO2 emissions have long pushed as important issues in focus for the residual waste processing. The heat generated during combustion is converted into electricity. Resources are regained, as far as is technically possible. Especially metal, plastics and wood. The recovered plastic from residual waste is used for example as fuel for cement plants.

Waste incineration plant are nowadays equatable to power plants, even if the fuel value is not quite equivalent to the conventional fuels such as coal, oil and gas. As more and more municipalities have come to generate their own electricity by means of residual waste incineration, the major electricity providers get in significant difficulties.

At the end of the tour I was really impressed. That what is put in the residual waste in private households plus the commercial waste is, after all, still god to supply 100,000 households with electricity in Cologne.

And at the same time it’s scary, what incredible tonnes of waste we produce. Yellow and blue ton even come on top of that.

Consumer society provides garbage

Waste incineration plants generating electricity for us and making us less dependent on fossil fuels, are the logical consequence of our consumer society. But incinerators are not built primarily to generate electricity. But to become master of the mountains of waste that we produce continuously as a consumer society. Fortunately, with modern incinerators, a way has been found to make up the stinking problem a clean thing. But the cause, our consumption, is the real problem.

For the operators of the incineration plant, it is essential that enough waste is delivered. Garbage is their product. The more they can get, the better for the system’s capacity. For then it will work cost-effectively, which in turn has a positive impact on the urban garbage fees. Not all incinerators in Germany are so well utilized as in Cologne. Since waste is added from adjacent areas.

But the consumer society provides these masses of garbage. Goods are produced in large quantities, purchased, used or consumed and eventually discarded. The 2aste incineration plant gets food – in 2013 there were 707,000 tons in Cologne. And provides us even with power (282 million kWh in 2013 in Cologne). Actually a perfect cycle, so one might think. If not for this “but” would be. Because our conventional consumption goes at the expense of other countries, to the detriment of the environment, fair working conditions; Resources are wasted, the transport around the globe has impact on the climate, production facilities in the Far East poison the local environment and so on.

Well, I live in Cologne, a big city, where certainly only a small proportion of residents think about trash, disposal or even waste reduction and also practice this. That may be a negative point of view, but I think it is realistic. The average normal citizen does not necessarily ask the question what is actually happening to what he throws away in the course of a year. All the more it is interesting to follow the different paths. My next wish is to visit a recycling plant for plastics.

Waste incineration and waste seperation versus waste prevention

Waste separation was yesterday. The latest approach is waste prevention. In its most distinct version it is called Zero Waste. No waste. So far there are only a few pioneers, whose reports and videos I read and watch with interest. And at the same time I wonder how to implement this in a normal big-city life. It starts with the fact that – even if you use a togo box, which is compostable, then you do not know where to dispose of it along the way. So take it home and put it in the compost bin? Would everybody do that?

I think it’s great if it is possible, to be master of the situation (immense amounts of waste) through a well organized disposal system and beyond even to convert this residual waste to a large extent into energy, ie electricity and heating. There is at least a huge improvement as against the stinking landfill from earlier, in which everything was thrown into a pile and then covered with the cloak of silence. The next step must be, to reduce the amount of waste in total. And this will not be possible just by the civil society. Here politics and economy are asked to create the right framework and to set the practical implementation in motion.

by: http://blog.upcycling-markt.de/en/blog/muellverbrennungsanlange-waste-incineration-plant.html

THE UNITED Nations have called on a Southport firm to help them tackle the growing Ebola crisis.

The deadly virus, for which there is no known cure, has killed over 4,500 people since an outbreak began in Guinea in 2013, spreading to Liberia and Sierra Leone before the virus made its way into America and Spain.

To combat the spread of the virus thousands of aid workers and doctors from around the world have traveled to West Africa to treat those who have fallen ill and as a result, use tonnes of materials which become hazardous and need to be disposed of via incinerators.

As such, the world’s largest incinerator manufacturer, based on Southport’s Canning Road Industrial estate, has been drafted in by the United Nations to provide a plethora of incinerators for disposing hazardous material.

Bosses at Inciner8 say they are delighted to be working closely with the United Nations for Incinerators to the areas of West Africa currently hit by the deadly Ebola virus.

The range of incinerators available from Inciner8 are ready made for the burning of hazardous waste ranging from the smallest and most mobile medical waste Incinerator to the largest Incinerator capable of burning up to 1000kg per hour.

Paul Niklas, Sales and Marketing director for Inciner8, told The Champion: “We appreciate fully and understand the terrible issues faced by the people of West Africa and the support agencies in place to combat the daily problems that exist.

”We will be endeavouring fully to ensure that we send our products in the quickest possible time with our engineers to support both installation and training as part of our committed service in reducing and eliminating the spread of this disease by transporting contaminated materials to other locations.

“Inciner8 continue to take the lead on many fronts and are currently working with other government agencies and Aid organisations as the innovation leader in the global Incineration market.

”The Ebola incinerators are being made and shipped out as we speak.

“It’s a natural procedure for us; we’ve done this for other disasters such as the war in Iraq.

”During our time in Iraq we had to deal with all sorts of residue, waste and contamination mainly for military purposes. “We’ve also supplied incinerators to the police in South America.

”However the Ebola virus is definitely up there as one of the worst cases we have faced – there is major risk in contaminated medical waste.

“What we do is provide a safe environment for people to burn waste, which is obviously far better than burning it in uncontrolled environments.

”You can take the incinerators to the problem. It’s impossible to guess what will happen next as things are changing on a day-to-day basis.

“We were first contacted about two and a half months ago. Normally we send our own people out, however it’s not something that we’ve been able to do this time as a result of the risk.”

In August 2014, the World Health Organisation declared the West Africa Ebola epidemic to be an international public health emergency.

Urging the world to offer aid to the affected regions, the Director-General said: “Countries affected to date simply do not have the capacity to manage an outbreak of this size and complexity on their own.

”I urge the international community to provide this support on the most urgent basis possible.“

By mid-August 2014, Doctors Without Borders reported the situation in Liberia’s capital Monrovia as ”catastrophic“ and ”deteriorating daily“.

As of October 15, 2014, there have been 17 cases of Ebola treated outside of Africa, four of whom have died.

In early October, Teresa Romero, a 44-year-old Spanish nurse, contracted Ebola after caring for a priest who had been repatriated from west Africa.

This was the first transmission of the virus to occur outside of Africa.

On September 19, Eric Duncan flew from his native Liberia to Texas; five days later he began showing symptoms and visited a hospital, but was sent home.

His condition worsened and he returned to the hospital on September 28, where he eventually passed away.

Health officials confirmed a diagnosis of Ebola on September 30 – the first case in the United States.

On October 12, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed that a nurse in Texas who had treated Duncan was found to be positive for the Ebola virus, the first known case of the disease to be contracted in the United States.

On October 15 a second Texas healthcare worker was confirmed to have the virus.

British Nurse Will Pooley, who survived Ebola, has already returned to Sierra Leone where he caught the deadly virus.

by: http://www.champnews.com/newsstory.aspx?story=3058174

IT is a daily occurrence to see black smoke being emitted from the chimneys at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Suva.

And following a recent letter to the editor from Satish Nakched, The Fiji Times followed up with an investigation into the smoke that poses an obstruction for the nearby residents of Waimanu Rd.

A common belief is that the smoke is a product from body parts being incinerated in the hospital.

Minister of Health and Medical Services, Jone Usamate clarified “the incinerator at CWM burns all clinical waste produced at the hospital”.

“The selection of type of wastes that should be incinerated follows international standards for infection control and disposal of clinical waste,” Mr Usamate said.

Clinical waste includes blood, tissue, human organs and other body parts.

“Incineration occurs in a controlled environment where items are incinerated at a very high temperature to kill all microorganisms in the waste.

“Incinerators are used in hospitals all over the world and are the chosen method to dispose of the waste as it keeps the chances of spreading disease and infection to a minimum.”

by: http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=334379

The Malta Environment and Planning Authority has exempted the application for the construction of a pet cemetery and crematorium from an Environmental Planning Statement, according to a notice in Friday’s issue of the Government Gazette.

In exempting a project from an EPS, Mepa has determined that the proposal is unlikely to have any significant environmental impact and the Director of Environment Protection agrees that the proposal does not require such a statement, since the Project Description Statement (PDS) presented as part of the application “has considered the environmental issues in a sufficient manner such that the preparation of an EPS would not add any new information and Mepa has all the necessary information to determine the application”.

The dog and cat cemetery is planned for a site at Ta’ San Ġakbu in Ta’ Qali. According to the notice, the proposed development will include an incineration facility fuelled by gas. This will operate at a temperature in excess of 1,100°C, ensuring complete combustion and no emission of hazardous gases.

According to Mepa, no significant impact is envisaged during the construction phase, given the scale of the proposed buildings.

“With respect to the operations of the incinerator facilities, and given that it is expected the facility will be strictly processing animal carcasses with no risk of infection, no significant environmental impact is envisaged. Furthermore, operations are unlikely to lead to any significant emissions to air, so impact will be of little or no significance, due to the incinerator’s specifications and secondary burning process.”

There is no concern over the generation of waste, either. As Mepa explained: “The impact arising from the amount of waste generated during the construction phase is not considered significant. The pet cemetery is not likely to have a significant environmental effect, given that no solid waste will be generated. Any ash remains would need to be disposed of in line with the provisions of the Waste Regulations, 2011.”

Although construction-related spillages may result from the project, Mepa has found that “these are expected to be of minor or no significance given that any spillages can be mitigated through the proper application of appropriate mitigation measures identified in the Environmental Management Construction Site Regulations, 2007”.

It adds: “Impacts during operation are expected to be of little or no significance given that risks of contamination of land or water from such releases are likely to be remote.”

According to a planning application presented by the Environment Ministry, a 1,700 square metre agricultural field has been identified for the development of a dog and cat cemetery that will provide niches for the ashes of 17,000 dogs and cats.

The provision of an animal cemetery was proposed in the Labour Party’s manifesto before the last general election.

by: http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2014-10-22/local-news/Ta-Qali-pet-cemetery-crematorium-exempted-from-Environmental-Planning-Statement-6736124171

Snap Lake Mine, 220 kilometres northeast of Yellowknife, where elevated levels of dioxins and furans were pumped into the air. | Photo Fire Prevention Services

Last July, two incinerators at De Beers’ Snap Lake Mine were belching out clouds of black smoke, one sending an average of 65 times the accepted national limit of cancer-causing toxins into the air.

The hugely elevated levels of dioxins and furans — released when plastic is burned or garbage is not fully incinerated — were recorded during a four-day “stack test.” According to the World Health Organization, “dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, damage the immune system, interfere with hormones and also cause cancer.” The Canada-Wide Standards recommends emission levels for dioxins and furans not exceed 80 picograms per cubic metre. The company contracted to do the testing at Snap Lake found that one of the mine’s incinerators was emitting 6.5 times the acceptable limit, while the other incinerator was emitting a whopping 65 times the acceptable limit (5,220 picograms per cubic metre on average, as

It’s unclear how long this was going on for, though the report noted the problem was clearly visible: “Black opaque smoke was noted for all tests early in the incineration cycle.”

De Beers did not respond to EDGE’s request for an interview by the time of publication. However, according to a letter from De Beers’ Environment and Permitting Superintendent, Alexandra Hood, sent to the GNWT and Environment Canada in January, the root cause of the problem was “not following standardized work practices,” and running the incinerators, which were only installed in 2013, at too low a temperature.

Since flunking the test, De Beers has retrained staff, rewritten operating procedures and brought in new policy to shut down the incinerators if they’re not meeting the correct temperatures (if it’s safe to do so), according to Hood’s letter. An inspection of the Snap Lake incinerators by a GNWT Lands Officer in March suggests De Beers has ameliorated the problem, at least in part: “No concerns were noted during this inspection,” it states, and “the west incinerator which was burning waste at the time of inspection was emitting clear exhaust gas with no black smoke coming from the stack.”

Whether or not sufficient steps have been taken, however, won’t be known for years: the next stack test is not scheduled until 2019, according to a source close to the issue wishing to remain anonymous.

No GNWT regulation

The fact that, for an undetermined period of time around July 2014, the Snap Lake incinerators were pumping out unacceptable levels of toxic emissions is troublesome in itself. But it points to a much larger problem in the territory; the GNWT does not regulate emissions, require companies to meet the CWS, or mandate stack testing. (The Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board, likewise, does not regulate air emissions.)

At several points in her letter, Hood notes the lack of regulation, claiming De Beers “will conform with any regulatory requirements regarding incinerator stack testing once enabling legislation is developed and approved in the NWT.”

Without legislation in place, there is nothing to force De Beers or other groups using incinerators (i.e. every single mine in the territory), to keep their emissions at a safe level or undertake stack testing on a regular basis. Each mine has an Air Quality and Emissions Management Plan as part of its environmental agreement, but these plans only dictate reporting requirements, not actual emission targets. And while Hood claims “deficiencies, as measured against the Canada Wide Standards, will be managed through adaptive management and continuous improvement by De Beers,” there’s little government oversight of this “continuous improvement” and no fines or other mechanisms to force polluting companies to remedy their ways.

This problem has been going on for years. According to a Canadian Press report from 2011, the scientific journal Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management found sediments in a lake near the Ekati Mine that had levels of dioxins and furans 10 times higher than those collected from an uncontaminated lake. The same report cited a 2007 study commissioned by Environment Canada which suggested “extensive, uncontrolled burning of wastes could result in substantial accumulations of dioxins and furans in the local ecosystem, some of which will persist for some 8½ years at levels approaching those considered to be of toxicological concern.”

“In most cases we’re below the level that health agencies would (watch) for…” the study continues, “but we’re getting there. And if you have more incinerators and more burning, you may well exceed those levels.”

The GNWT’s Department of Environment and Natural resources did not return EDGE’s request for comment on the lack of regulation.

Why no regulation?

Back in 2001, the GNWT did sign on to the Canada-Wide Standards of dioxins and furans with all other provinces and territories (except Quebec) as part of a national Accord on Environmental Harmonization.

The document says: “Parties are required to take measures to reduce total releases from anthropogenic sources of dioxins, furans… with the goal of their continuing minimization and where feasible (technically and socio-economically), ultimate elimination.” However, it adds, “each jurisdiction will determine the exact means of ensuring compliance” – basically defanging the document by letting provinces and territories renege on their commitment with no repercussions.

Other jurisdictions have taken proactive steps, bringing in legislation to regulate emissions in line with the CWS. The GNWT has not. They did bring in guidelines for managing biomedical waste in 2005, but they have been unwilling to regulate incinerators at mine sites. Their reason? The “waste incinerators operating at remote industrial sites within the NWT… are located on federal crown land and are not regulated by the Government of the Northwest Territories,” says a report from 2009.

This may have been true in 2009, but post-devolution it’s no longer the case. Since April of last year, the mines are on land managed by the GNWT, yet there have been no moves from legislators to start regulating toxic emissions from mine or other industrial incinerators. The last time the issue was discussed in the legislative assembly in 2011, Weledeh MLA Bob Bromley said a “loophole in environmental rules is allowing a growing number of unregulated waste incinerators to release extremely toxic chemicals into the land and water.” He suggested, “when we take on new powers, we must be ready to move with new law.”

Devolution has come, and incinerators are still operating in an unregulated environment. With all the talk of fracking and opening up new mining projects in the territory, it’s now time, more than ever, for the GNWT to get its act together.

from: https://edgeyk.com/article/mine-spews-toxic-fumes-nwt-air-regulations-not-in-place/

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So, for medical facilities that are rendering services to large or small group of people, Meda Send could be one of the best companies that could give you safe and healthy environment that could cater the needs of the people towards a healthy and safe community to live.

by: http://ourbdspace.com/blog/34552/medical-waste-incinerator-essential-medical-waste-disposal-services-provide/

Made-in-Vietnam waste incinerator shows its power

VietNamNet Bridge – The waste incinerator of Vietnamese inventor Trinh Dinh Nang has been used in Bac Kan, Tuyen Quang and Thanh Hoa. But if it is used in other provinces as well, and therefore, can be produced on a large scale, the production costs will be much lower.

Nang’s waste incinerator was displayed at the Vietnam 2015 International Equipment and Technology Trade Fair, which caught the attention from many visitors.

He began working on such an incinerator some years ago, encouraged by the idea that his incinerator may help reduce the negative impact caused by hundreds of tons of medical waste.

In 2009, after successfully creating an incinerator, he filed a patent registration for his ‘hazardous waste incinerator’ to the Ministry of Science and Technology and got the patent in 2012.

Nang’s incinerator is a system which comprises a comprehensive combustion chamber which can burn waste in an uninterrupted process. The incinerator utilizes nano technology which disintegrates hazardous smoke, dust and frog.

The product is believed to have outstanding features which allow it to operate more effectively than products of the same kind.

Nang said that his waste incineration system is movable. The system can work properly if users have a small water tank and can treat the water.

He also said that all the incinerators available in Vietnam don’t have the pressure balance like his. The incinerator can burn waste, eject fire and not oil into burning materials. In the center of the combustion chamber, the temperature can reach 1,800oC.

With Nang’s incinerator, it doesn’t take much time to burn waste. The oil is durable, and there is no technical trouble with oil tubes.

The Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) has certified that Nang’s incinerator is the first medical waste incinerator in Vietnam which can satisfy the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment’s standards and it consumes the volume of fuel 80 percent lower than import products.

If the incinerator runs with diesel, it will need VND5,000 only to burn one kilo or waste. Meanwhile, the incinerators from US, Japan and UK would consume VND70,000-80,000 worth of fuel to burn a kilo of waste.

The outstanding feature of the made-in-Vietnam incinerator is that it can treat many kinds of waste, including domestic garbage and medical waste.

Director of the Bac Kan Science and Technology Department Do Tuan Khiem said the incinerator is a suitable choice for localities with moderate waste capacity. The machine is highly efficient and fuel-saving, which is big advantage in Vietnam’s conditions.

From: http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/science-it/145663/made-in-vietnam-waste-incinerator-shows-its-power.html